Quality Assurance - Ford Motor Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quality Assurance - Ford Motor Company - Essay Example cilitated the organization to stay up to date with the progressions and keep up a serious edge over their adversaries, has been its capacity to test new methodologies in its business methodology through rigid structure of value confirmation. Montgomery states, ‘..strategy must be a powerful device for controlling the improvement of an organization over time’ (Montgomery, 2004). While changing elements of the worldwide business has required arrangement and consolidation of the board methodologies that go past the domain of individual company’s concern, anticipating unmistakable skills has given the organization showcase initiative. The company’s centered vision towards quality has helped the association to keep up its market initiative even in the latent condition of worldwide economy. The organization has put forth coordinated attempts to follow six sigma models to address the difficulties of the contemporary time. In the crumbling economic situations of worldwide market economy, the organization is fundamentally confronted with two significant issues: proficient and opportune creation of new items; Quality affirmation fulfilling ISO 9000 standard that satisfies the customers’ changing needs inside the limitations of increasing expense. Quality Assurance can be comprehensively characterized as the exercises that convey exclusive expectation of items and administrations to clients everywhere, fulfilling their prerequisites and meeting their evolving inclinations. It guarantees that creation and conveyance of administrations occur in a way that portrays the level of blunder or the issues inside the creation and have essential norm. ISO 9000 is the name of Quality Assurance standard that are followed internationally. The essential prerequisites of ISO 9000 is to build up a very much characterized framework that joins that is all around recorded and the data is spread among the different partners with the goal that they can be followed at each progression of various business forms. In the contemporary occasions of bleeding edge rivalry, Juran attests ‘all quality

The Dead of the Night free essay sample

The best books stand the trial of time, giving the peruser a fascinating story just as passing on significant subjects and ideas† In John Marsden’s continuation of â€Å"Tomorrow When the War Began†, set in rustic current Australia, comes his second novel of seven â€Å"The Dead of the Night†. John Marsden’s â€Å"TDOTN† has stood the trial of time, by giving the perusers a fascinating story just as passing on significant topics and thoughts. We will compose a custom article test on The Dead of the Night or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The subjects and thoughts of â€Å"Death and Destruction†, â€Å"Relationships and Friendships† and â€Å"Warfare and Survival†, are utilized to pass on significant messages to the perusers, by relating back to the young people life, and high school crowd. Utilizing account told in first individual portrayal by young person Ellie, Marsden strengthens this by utilizing styles and methods, for example, Humor and Juxtaposition, to pass on significant messages to the perusers and adolescent crowd, in this way making the novel a fascinating story, and withstand the trial of time, by passing on significant subjects and thoughts. The subject of Death and Destruction is talked about in the novel â€Å"TDOTN†. The principal experience with Death and Destruction was the occurrence in Butter Cup Lane (Ch4). While the gathering was covering up in Butter Cup Lane to trap a guard of officers, a foot watch of fighters went to pee in the brambles right where Homer and Chris were stowing away. Homer got a fired firearm and fired the officer, injuring him. â€Å"Jesus help me without pondering it, I purposely pulled the trigger† †pg 60 Ch4. Ellie is citing that she didn’t need to consider putting the injured trooper out of his hopelessness, since she was anxious about the possibility that that she may pull out on the off chance that she coherently mulled over this thought completely her psyche. Marsden utilizes Ellie’s train of â€Å"no thought† to pass on significant messages to the perusers for the explanation that numerous young people additionally do likewise with their activities and don’t thoroughly consider things suitably. This is the manner by which John Marsden, utilizes the topic of â€Å"Death and Destruction† to cause his novel to withstand the trial of time, by giving the peruser a fascinating story just as passing on significant subjects and thoughts. The subject of â€Å"Relationships and Friendships† is additionally talked about in the novel, â€Å"TDOTN†, the underlying experience of connections and kinships was when Homer announced a gathering meeting in the primary part, to recover the gathering n track. The gathering helped the gathering meet up as one once more, after they were feeling frustrated about themselves, for relinquishing Kevin and Corrie. â€Å"We’ve spun our head for a considerable length of time. We’ve been disturbed and we’ve been frightened. It’s time for us to assume responsibility for our heads once more, to be valiant again to do the things we need to do† †pg 8-9 Ch1. This implies the gathering has been sulking around for an extremely lengthy timespan. They have been disturbed and terrified of what lies in front of them. Homer, who is by all accounts taking on an influential position, says that it’s time for them to refocus. To discover Kevin and Corrie, and to check whether some other guerrilla bunches exists like them. Marsden passes on significant subjects and thoughts, through the topic of â€Å"Relationships and Friendships†, making it an intriguing story, since youngsters are additionally exploring different avenues regarding their companions and connections as well, much the same as Ellie and Lee, and this makes adolescents question whether they’d in certainty do likewise for their own companions. John Marsden utilizes the present everyday dramatizations, to furnish his perusers with an intriguing novel, in the way that the youngsters manage their issues in their conditions and conditions. This shows â€Å"TDOTN† can withstand the trial of time, giving the perusers an intriguing story just as passing on significant topics and thoughts. Marsden’s tale â€Å"TDOTN† can stand the trial of time, by giving the perusers an intriguing story just as passing on significant subjects and thoughts, through the topic of â€Å"Warfare and Survival†. Issues of these conditions, remember enduring the assault for Harvey’s Heroes, living in Hell and enduring all the marking and hanging out all over Wirrawee. One explicit occurrence which features this subject is Butter Cup Lance. The young people before they assault the escort of warriors plunk down and play their strategies and talk about what will occur and the techniques if something turns out badly. Their exchange and discourse additionally shows their dread of the war and their endurance senses. â€Å"And assume a watch had hopped us? Assume we’d been gotten with sawn off fired firearms? We’d all be set facing a tree and shot and you’d have 5 people groups blood on your hands† †pg 92. Ellie is shouting at Homer, since he had conflicted with the gathering and what they’d settled upon and brought the fired firearms in any case, this imperiling their own endurance. Notwithstanding this Homer has broken their trust and put their endurance in question, this relates back to young people for the explanation that fellowships are based on trust. This is the means by which Marsden utilizes the topic of â€Å"Warfare and Survival† to pass on significant subjects and thoughts, and give the perusers, with a fascinating story, in this way making â€Å"TDOTN† stand the trial of time. In â€Å"TDOTN† Marsden utilizes the account structure of first individual portrayal to adequately furnish the peruser with a fascinating story, just as permitting â€Å"TDOTN† to stand the trial of time. Marsden utilizes Ellie’s own words and encounters to pass on her sentiments and feelings to the perusers by utilizing the bona fide voice of a multi year old female. Ellie utilizes â€Å"I, we† and slang and everyday dialects, to reveal to her story. A genuine case of this is when Ellie is bringing everything cutting-edge toward the finish of the novel on pg 270. â€Å"The just thing that I need to write to bring this forward-thinking is about Chris. What's more, what I put won’t be coherent. I’m so stirred up with my emotions about everything. † The account likewise follows the structure of entwined activity, storyline and dramatization. Ellie at times gets off course with future undertakings and thoughts. This is the manner by which Marsden utilized first individual portrayal to give the perusers a fascinating story, by utilizing the true voice of a multi year old female, accordingly making the novel stand the trial of time. The strategies of Humor is practiced in the novel â€Å"TDOTN†, by breaking the strained air with diverting cases, to furnish the peruser with an intriguing story, in this way making â€Å"TDOTN† stand the trial of the time. There are various models which actualize Humor in the novel. One of them being, when Major Harvey from the Harvey’s Heroes campground was presenting his second in order, â€Å"Captain Killen† (Punn) to the young people. â€Å"In a couple of seconds I will acquaint with you my second in order, Captain Killen† †pg 109. Marsden utilized a Punn (type of Humor) to play on the expressions of the second in orders name. Another model was the point at which the gathering strolled into Major Harvey’s tent just because, and was stunned to find how enormous and lavish it was. â€Å"Major Harvey’s tent was so huge by our standards† †pg 106. The adolescents were additionally stunned to find that Major Harvey laid down with a mosquito net. â€Å"Bit of an extravagance that; â€Å"Fact is, I’ve got rather delicate skin† †pg 106. Marsden utilizes Humor to give the perusers a fascinating story, by helping our temperament; he utilizes Punn and Humor to ridicule Major Harvey in the manner that he is intended to be an extreme head/fighter and this shows the direct inverse of him. It shows that Major Harvey is high upkeep. This is the means by which Marsden delineates Humor in â€Å"TDOTN†, by giving the peruser a fascinating story, along these lines withstanding the test if time. John Marsden likewise utilizes the style and strategy of Juxtaposition to give his perusers an intriguing story, by contrasting Harvey’s Heroes endeavors, to the gathering of young people in the war. â€Å"Huh! Some of them are strange! They engaged me for a considerable length of time the previous evening, mentioning to me what saints they are. Appear as though their greatest rush was burning down a truck that had been stalled. They’d seen the fighters leave it there and drive off in an Ute, so peril level was two on a size of nothing to a hundred† †pg 114-115. Ellie and Homer locate this clever on the grounds that Harvey’s Heroes is a co-ordinated gathering of ADULTS not adolescents, and the gathering have managed substantially more harm than Harvey’s Heroes. Marsden looks at the adolescents in Hell to a gathering of creatures, taking care of, gathering food, doing it extreme and stowing away. â€Å"Burrows among the rocks†, â€Å"Running wild in the night†, Ellie cites that they are acting like nighttime creatures. Marsden utilizes Juxtaposition to furnish his perusers with a fascinating story, between our gathering of adolescents and their accomplishments in the war contrasted with Harvey’s Heroes. This delineates â€Å"TDOTN† can withstand the trial of time. In end â€Å"TDOTN† can stand the trial of time by furnishing the peruser with an intriguing story just as passing on the peruser with significant subjects and thoughts. Marsden does as such by utilizing the significant topics and thoughts of â€Å"Death and Destruction†, â€Å"Relationships and Friendships† and â€Å"Warfare and Survival†. John Marsden utilizes styles and strategies of first individual portrayal, Humor and

Tenure of Office Act

Tenure of Office Act Tenure of Office Act, in U.S. history, measure passed on Mar. 2, 1867, by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson ; it forbade the President to remove any federal officeholder appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate without the further approval of the Senate. It also provided that members of the President's cabinet should hold office for the full term of the President who appointed them and one month thereafter, subject to removal by the Senate. With this measure the radical Republicans in Congress hoped to assure the continuance in office of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton and thus prevent any interference with the military occupation of the South in their Reconstruction plan. In order to bring about a court test of the constitutionality of the act, Johnson dismissed Stanton, but the Supreme Court, intimidated by the radicals, refused to pass on the case. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant , whom Johnson appointed Secretary ad interim, turned the office bac k to Stanton when the Senate refused to approve his dismissal. Johnson then appointed Gen. Lorenzo Thomas Secretary of War, but Stanton, barricading himself in the department, refused to yield. Johnson's alleged violation of the Tenure of Office Act was the principal charge in the impeachment proceedings against him. When this move failed (May, 1868), Stanton finally gave up. The act, considerably modified in Grant's administration, was in large part repealed in 1887, and in 1926 the Supreme Court declared its principles unconstitutional. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Essay Are Professional Athletes and Actors Overpaid

April 13, 2014 English Composition 2 Argument Essay Are Professional Actors and Athletes Overpaid? In this essay I will explore a much debated topic in this country pertaining to the undeniable fact that professional actors and athletes overwhelmingly get paid much higher than the average American. As any highly debated topic, there are always arguments and viewpoints from both sides of the spectrum. Like many Americans, for entertainment I thoroughly enjoy watching both film and professional sporting events. Even though, I have always maintained a firm stance that many in these professions are simply overpaid. I believe once you have read my research and analysis on this topic, you as well will agree from a sociological,†¦show more content†¦Looking back to the era of the â€Å"Roaring 20’s† in which America was enjoying a period of sustained economic prosperity, the average American could at a higher level afford to enjoy different forms of entertainment than previously. This ushered in a new era and cultural dynamic which emphasized organized sports, theatre, and film. Since this era, America has seen economic depression, recession and crisis, but has still remained the wealthiest country in the world. Due to this, the entertainment culture that was created roughly 100 years ago still exists today, and the demand for it continues to grow. Each year more and new gaming devices, games, videos, movies, and television shows are released. Likewise the costs of these products and devices continues to go up. The unfortunate side to this is that it has created a more sedentary lifestyle and culture of everyday America, and in turn attributing to issues as obesity amongst both children and adults. Regardless, we have developed and created this culture with the associated increased demand for this form of entertainment, and the industry is nothing more than happy to oblige us in providing it. In a study conducted by USA TODAY and Statista of top paid Hollywood actors, it found that Robert Downey Jr. earned over $75 million in a one year timeframe from June 2012-June 2013. Much of his earnings were a result of his roles in both â€Å"The Avengers† and â€Å"Ironman 3,† withShow MoreRelated Athletes Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesplays a game for a living. Today athletes are the highest paid people in the country, with the exception of Donald Trump and his toupee. It is ridiculous to believe that someone is really worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and all they have to do is play a sport that millions of people would play for free if given the chance. Therefore, I strongly believe that professional athletes are overpaid due to several reasons. Schingle stated that personal athletes get paid what the market will bearRead MoreProfessional Athletes are not Overpaid Essay919 Words   |  4 Pages Professional athletes are not overpaid Professional athletes are highly talented and determined entertainers with extraordinary physical abilities. They compete in various sports to entertain people and make a living. Those include basketball, football, baseball, hockey, tennis, and the list goes on to any athlete that gets paid to play. These athletes train really hard and for long hours to be the best at what they do. Fans pay to watch them perform because they really enjoy seeing themRead MoreThe Debate Over CEO Compensation1349 Words   |  6 Pages This paper will discuss the reasons why CEOs are not being overpaid. It will apply the utilitarian ethical principle to many a few aspects to CEO compensation and whether or not it is justifiable for such pay. The paper will look at whether or not their performance is justifiable for the pay because they play such a big role in the livelihood of the company along with the principle agency theory and how it is being addressed for the benefit of the shareholders and others involved with the companyRead MoreAre Athletes Overpaid?1122 Words   |  5 Pages2012 Are Players Overpaid? When sports exploded in the 1900’s athletes were paid like regular working citizens. Most athletes had to work over the summer to keep their mortgages paid. In present day, professional athletes are dished out astronomical salaries in exchange for their play. Many of these athletes have the opportunity to be set for life within the first years of their contracts. Eighteen and nineteen year olds are given multi-million dollar contracts. While these athletes are getting paidRead MoreEssay about Are Pro Athletes Paid Too Much?728 Words   |  3 PagesAre professional athletes paid too much? Today’s sport’s world is the biggest revenue making industry in the world. Different sports bring in different amounts of revenue but they are all enormous amounts. I myself love sports so there are a few sports that I contribute to financially also. Is it fair that professional athletes get paid millions of dollars to entertain us? It is known that the sporting industry Sporting events is a place for people to go, relax, have fun, and do something theyRead MoreFootballers, Are They Getting Paid Too Much2067 Words   |  6 Pagesexperience; overpaid salary is not an excuse to allow footballer earns such big money. Short Career If we talk about the invidual with big revenue, the field which pops out of our mind is athlete and entertainment. Movie star and singer earn more money than any athlete in the world but that is where the logic is distorted once again. The celebrity could still earn money through advanced years while the case isn t the same for athlete. Al Pacino is currently one of the senior actor and he stillRead MoreShould Athletes Get Paid Too Much Money?2144 Words   |  9 Pagesthink of famous athletes, they think of them as role models to follow and superstars with a lot of money. What exactly do all of these athletes do with so much money? Do athletes get paid too much, according to this statement â€Å"The top 10 earners rake in a combined $496.9 million, and they sure do know how to treat themselves† (Melia). Professional athletes are making too much money in a society that wages are traditionally on the value of someone’s work. Some might argue that athletes get paid justRe ad MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pagesresponsible for the success or failure of the organization. This success or failure is reflected in a manager s career. For example, when a CEO saves a failing corporation, the board rewards this success with bonuses and stock options. When a professional football team starts losing, the owner fires the coach, not the team. vii. The Managerial Skills Managers need three basic sets of skills: technical, interpersonal, and conceptual. a. Technical Skills The skills that include knowledge of and proficiencyRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesâ€Å"Googling Lunch,† Wall Street Journal, December 1–2, 2007, pp. W1 and W5.) Also furnished were such conveniences as on-site laundry, hair styling, dental and medical care, a car wash, day care, fitness facilities with personal trainers, and a professional masseuse. Brightly colored medicine balls, lava lamps, assorted gadgets and sports equipment gave the appearance of a college campus. Chartered buses had internet access so that commuters to San Francisco could use their laptops. Social events Read MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 PagesSwiss/Swedish engineering company ABB moved its global robotics business headquarters to Shanghai. Illustration 2.3 The Steel Industry The steel industry provides a fairly easy-to-understand case of rapid structural change, and one led by industry actors. Understanding how the leading companies are making an impact helps to counter a risk of ‘determinism’ in Porterian analyses; in other words, a sense that structures are given rather than changeable. The first question particularly invites a comparative

Sanity Like One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest - 1905 Words

Throughout the mid 1960’s to the late 1970’s, the concept and interest of mental illness has been studied and discussed in countless different mediums ranging from films that tackled issues of sanity like One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest to novels that dealt with much darker issues such as schizophrenia in Flora Schreiber’s Sybil. One of the most controversial and talked about productions of the 20th century is Peter Shaffer’s 1974 Tony winning play, Equus, which recounts Dr. Martin Dysart’s encounter and treatment of a seventeen year old boy, Alan Strang, who blinded six horses with an icepick. The play focuses on therapy sessions between Dysart and Alan in which Dysart struggles arduously to bring to the surface Alan’s inner psyche and reasons for blinding the different horses. The play has content that may suggest the story focuses on mental illness, sexuality, and religion; however, this is only when the text is read and understood on an efferent level. The true essence of Equus is located in the numerous biblical parallels found through the analyzation of the plot lines that suggest. Through the analysis and biblical relation of plot points and scenes in Equus, the true essence of the story is revealed; not only is Equus a story of mental illness and sexuality, but it is also a parable of sorts, showing biblical passages and stories in a different and more relatable light. The root and essence of the biblical parallels in Equus are present from the first moment thatShow MoreRelatedKen Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1629 Words   |  7 PagesKesey’s One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest is a timeless classic. This novel has been subject to analysis through many different literary lenses: feminist, Marxist, and of course, psychoanalytic. One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest provides a plethora of evidence when it comes to using the psychoanalytic lens. The lens in question deals with the teaching of Sigmund Freud. When reading this novel, the audience sees quite clearly that the world of psychology plays an impactful role in One Flew Over The Cuckoo’sRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pages The Truth Even If It Didn’t Happen: One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest By: Aubree Martinez Period 1 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey is one of the greatest novels of the 1960s that expertly uses mental illness, rebellion, and abused authority to captivate the readers. This book is densely populated with interesting characters, such as the new admission R.P. McMurphy, that makes you dive below the surface of sanity, rebellion, and authoritative issues that are spread throughoutRead MoreThe Lines Between Sanity And Insanity1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe lines between sanity and insanity are commonly tested in young adult literature. Shown to be entirely based on individual perception, sanity or insanity attempt to form a reflection of the characters’ personalities. In society, as shown in the novels, people are often too quick to write off nonconformist as crazy or insane. Girl, Interrupted and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest both illustrate how society’s stern view cause them to treat mental illness unethically and take away from individualismRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Research Paper1764 Words   |  8 PagesDrugs and Insanity Against Society The author of the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Ken Keasey, received his inspiration for the book while volunteering at a veterans hospital. This is where he was first introduced to LSD. The moment he tried it, he became addicted, and began experimenting on himself with the drugs, observing the effects. The novel deals with the tyrannical rule of head Nurse Ratched in a mental hospital somewhere in Oregon. She runs all business and daily life in the asylumRead More Christ-like McMurphy in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest1379 Words   |  6 PagesChrist-like McMurphy in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Ken Kesey utilizes Jesus Christ as a constant symbol throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. The protagonist of the story acts as a model and leader for other characters in the book, just as Christ was for his disciples. It is appropriate that such a leader would be closely associated with a powerful, and worshiped figure. Keseys use of Christ associates the ideas or theories in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest withRead More In ken keseay’s one flew over the cuckoo’s nest a psychiatric ward becomes613 Words   |  3 PagesIn ken keseay’s one flew over the cuckoo’s nest a psychiatric ward becomes a metaphor for the oppressive nature of society In ken keseays one flew over the cuckoos nest a psychiatric ward becomes a metaphor for the oppressive nature of society. This symbolic novel relays the story of an inmate standing up against the powerful forces that operate a mental institute. This novel represents more than man vs the institutions. The novel compels us to think about just how thin the line isRead MoreReview Of Ken Kesey s One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest 1603 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitions of sanity and insanity are affected by many different aspects and according to common knowledge, insanity has a direct correlation to mental illness. Likewise, sanity seems to have a direct link to what is considered normal. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey describes the connection that both insanity and sanity have to mental illness and the people that suffer from it. Furthermore, it describes how the people who work in the mental ward are connected to how sanity and insanityRead More Narration, Metaphors, Images and Symbols in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest3029 Words   |  13 Pagesand Symbols in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest   Ã‚   In 1962, when One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest (the Nest), was published, America was at the start of decade that would be characterized by turmoil. Involvement in Vietnam was increasing, civil rights marches were taking place in the south and a new era of sexual promiscuity and drug use was about to come into full swing. Young Americans formed a subgroup in American society that historians termed the â€Å"counterculture†. The Nest is a product ofRead MoreOne Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest1549 Words   |  7 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In today’s world with the recent chaos that has erupted many people tend to think that the world has become insane and that they are the last sane individuals alive. However, in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest the ones who are seeking treatment for insanity seem more reasonable then the sane ones. This is because in the novel, the person that holds jurisdiction, Nurse Ratched also maintains a fearsome reputation. Many people would agree that the theme thatRead MoreRebellion in Fight Club and One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest1861 Words   |  8 PagesRebellion in Fight Club and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest All societies have a basic structure, and in order to function well with others, a person must conform to the laws and regulations of said society. In the novels Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, a variety of themes are discussed, with the major theme being rebellion. The main characters of both these novels struggle with the established structure they are living in and are unwilling to conform

Nursing in Perspectives Free Essays

Nursing is a profound profession which requires professional skills and knowledge, high level of expertise and managerial skills. Following Parker Clare (2006): â€Å"Critical thinking is a vital skill to have as a nurse. Nurses are engaged in providing care to people who have a right to high quality professional conduct and health services (p296). We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing in Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Applied to nursing profession, critical thinking aims to improve healthcare services through new methods and self-developed professional skills of nurses. Critical thinking combines the ability to meet the requirement of a new age and respond effectively to technological innovations and scientific discoveries. Changing economic environment and globalization process has a great impact on the nursing science, and compel to specify concepts of management and its fields. During the last decades, the definitions of critical thinking in nursing have been changes. For instance, Ennis Milman in 1985 defined critical thinking in nursing as â€Å"reasonable, reflective thinking focused on what to believe or do† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). In five years, McPeck, (1990) defined it as: â€Å"the propensity to engage in an activity with reflective skepticism† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). Monitoring was an important method that helped to search for new trends in nursing. Today, nurses take into account internal and external factors that influence a patient. The most recent explanation of critical thinking is proposed by the University of New Mexico (2007): â€Å"nursing utilizes critical thinking as diagnostic reasoning and professional or clinical judgment. Critical thinking in nursing is based on a triggering event or situation, a starting point, scaffolds, processes, and outcomes that make up a continuous or iterative feedback loop† (Critical Thinking in Nursing 2007). In modern world, critical thinking in nursing is a broad concept with include advanced knowledge and discovering, creativity and passion, authenticity and ability to foresee coming changes. Critical thinking in nursing aims to extend traditional nursing roles in order to keep abreast of time and rapidly changing technology. Daniels (2004) underlines that it may be exercised as an attribute of position or because of personal knowledge or wisdom. Modern nurses see themselves more as conservators and regulators of the exist ­ing order of affairs with which they identify, and from which they gain rewards. Critical thinking helps to create a sense of identity which does not depend upon membership or work roles. On the one hand, nursing gendered identity and cultural identity has a great impact on their skills and ability to deliver high quality service. Many problems associated with the relationships between people of different cultures stem from variations in norms and values. Modern society is marked by cultural diversity problems which influence healthcare services and service delivery. Critical thinking is crucial for culturally competent nurse because it helps to communicate with diverse clients and meet their needs. For instance, Hindus and Asians share specific beliefs as for parts of the body and health, and in this case a nurse should take into account cultural and religious practices of these patients. Following Dreher and Macnaughton (2002): â€Å"the health care system has nested the accountability for cultural competency with the clinician who provides direct services to individuals, where the application of cultural information is likely to be least useful† (p181). For a nurse, the key advantages of convergence are that ideas and techniques developed in one cultural or national setting may be transferred to another and used effectively. These variables shape the values and hence the behavior of people (Potter Perry, 2005). Critical thinking determines the quality of decisions and actions of a nurse. A higher level of professional autonomy and shared governance should be seen as the main features of critical thinking. Critical thinking is exercised through greater knowledge and exper ­tise. It may also be based on the per ­sonal qualities of the nurse and the manner in which authority is exercised. In contrast to traditional theories of nursing leadership, nursing expert power is based on new knowledge about technology and critical thinking used in nursing profession. Critical thinking is based on credibility and clear evidence of knowledge or expertise; for example, the expert knowledge of ‘functional’ specialists. Stone (2000) states that if the information is satisfactorily ascertained from secondary sources, the nurse opts to complete this component of the assessment by relying on past records. Documentary data obtained from patients’ records is often termed ‘secondary’ because the information has originally been collected by other people and for other purposes. Thus, critical thinking determines further actions and behavior patterns which support clinical and service development. In several decades ago, nurses were limited by strict rules and tasks which prevented them to respond effectively to changing environment (Potter Perry 2005). Today, technology and information technology demands critical thinking and decision making in nursing (Sharp, 2000). Also, there is a great shift in organizational values and personal traits of the nurses. Changing social environment influences human values and conflicts with human dignity and importance (Sullivan Decker, 2005). The balance of power has undoubtedly shifted to nurses who have more choice over how to conducts relationships with their administration, colleagues and patients. Critical thinking in nursing is aimed to improve influences on the environment and determine perspectives of further development on the macro- and micro- level. In this situation, to be an effective and professional nurse, it is necessary to exercise the role of critical thinker based on advanced knowledge and expertise (Durgahee, 2003). A common view is that the job of the nurse requires the ability of critical thinking and that leadership is in effect a sub-set of management. In terms of critical thinking, there is a need to be flexible and be ready to innovate and to adopt new technologies as they come along. The way in which healthcare organization has to employ the latest technology can be an important determinant of its competitive advantage. For instance, increased role of computers and technological solutions require new skills and decision making practices in medicine. For instance, if technology does not work properly and it threatens life of a patient, a nurse should react accordingly to the situation and replace it with alternative solution (Kozier et al 2004). Critics (Sullivan Decker, 2005) admit that three decades ago nurses were not ready and prepared to apply critical thinking to their work and this led to high death rates caused by technology failure. Healthcare is one of the main industries responsible for exceptional service quality and interpersonal communication. Service quality is determined by technological processes and innovations in its field. Critical thinking has speeded up health delivery processes, transformed working practices and increased the efficiency of healthcare services. Interestingly, it is in the technological environment that it is some ­times possible for large healthcare organizations to actually exert influence rather than be the recipients of it. Respect and personal worth of every patient are the core human-related factors employed by the nurses (Garrison 2004). Nursing staff is responsible for communication and interaction with the patients. For this reason, nurses should be flexible to respond effectively to changing environment and customers groups. As a result, high degree of autonomy cannot be effectively used by all nursing staff. Healthcare organizations start to apply ‘critical thinking’ into practice seeing it as a high level of specialist practice and competitive advantage in healthcare services. Also, critical thinking in nursing is concerned with those activities involved in recruiting of professional staff, training, and development within the healthcare infrastructure, namely the systems of planning, finance, medical service control, etc. which are crucially important to an strategic capability in all healthcare activities (Potter Perry, 2005). Today, a special attention is given to proper function of medical staff and empowerment which helps to improve efficiency of medical practice. Critical thinking is one of the main requirements in modern service learning. In learning, â€Å"critical thinking [is] a reasoning process reflecting on ideas, actions, and decisions in clinical experience by the nursing student and others (Anaya et al 2003, p99). The advantages of critical thinking in nursing are fast response to changing conditions and environment and ability to apply recent technologies into practice. It increases confidence of nurses and level of healthcare services. Using critical thinking approach, nurses are able to shift the situation using these new creative approaches based on advanced relationships and inquiry. Also, it is strongly influenced by resources outside the healthcare organization which are an integral part of the chain of activities between the healthcare service design and the level of medial treatment (Sharp, 2000). Change is a threat to routine and their role in healthcare management. It is also true that many nurses do not know what their role is, and in recent years attempts have been made to clarify individual roles. Critical thinking is ‘a vital skill’ for nurses because it determines the style of management and leadership. Critical thinking can be interpreted as a response to the need to meet heightened customer expectations and face intensi ­fied technology solutions. Critical thinking encourages nurses to adopt a positive attitude and have personal involvement in service delivery. Also, it allows healthcare organization to expose nursing staff to new forms of service and management. Critical thinking is constructed on a rational basis and allows nurses respond to patients’ needs in an appropriate manner. For a modern nurse, it is crucial to be accountable to patients’ families, and close friends who come to visit them. References 1.   Anaya, A., Doheny, M.O., Panthofer, N., Sedlak, C.A. (2003). Critical Thinking in Students’ Service-Learning Experiences. College Teaching, 51 (3), 99-104. 2. Critical Thinking in Nursing The University of New Mexico (2007). Retrieved 31 May 2007, from   http://hsc.unm.edu/consg/conct/whatis.shtml 3.   Daniels, R. (2004). Nursing Fundamentals: Caring and Clinical Decision Making, Thomas Learning, Oregon. 4. Dreher, N., Macnaughton, N. (2002). Cultural competency in nursing: foundation or fallacy? Nursing Outlook, Sep-Oct; 50 (5):181-6. 5.   Durgahee, T. (2003). Higher level practice: degree of specialist practice? Nurse Education Today. Apr; 23 (3), 191-201. 6. Garrison, D.R., Morgan, D.H., Johnson, J.G. (2004). Thriving in chaos: Educating the nurse leaders of the future. Nursing Leadership Forum. Fall; 9 (1), 23-27. 7. Kozier B., Erb G., Berman A. Snyder S. (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice, New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc. 8. Potter, P. Perry, A. (2005). Fundamentals of Nursing. Elsevier PTE LTD, Singapore. 9.   Sharp, Nancy. (April 2000). The 21st century belongs to nurse practitioners. Nurse Practitioner, p. 56 10. Sullivan, E.J., Decker, Ph. J. (2005). Effective leadership Management in Nursing 6th ed. Pearson Hall.    How to cite Nursing in Perspectives, Essay examples

Effect of Living Situation on Students Academic Performance in School free essay sample

When students earn a below average grade on examinations or a report card, it does not necessarily mean that they did not study hard enough. There are many intelligent children who do not perform well in school, not because they cannot comprehend classroom lessons, but because of external factors that affect their academic success. Many factors have been identified to influence academic performance whether positively or negatively. One of these factors that the researcher’s identified is the living situation of college students. The living situations that a college student experience are varied due to the diversity of housing options and environments available. Some of the aspects of college student living environments may act as stress factors in students’ lives. The stress related to living situations that college students’ experience has several sources including relationships with roommates, suitemates, the condition of the rooms, apartments, or houses that students inhabit, the neighborhood, area on campus, and general living environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Living Situation on Students Academic Performance in School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These sources of stress undoubtedly have an impact on the student’s academic performance. Academic performance is the evidence how well a student meets standards set out by local government and the institution itself. The extent of student’s learning may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning. Studies would say that there is a relationship between the living accommodation and academic performance of college students, on the other hand, a number of researchers also claim that there is none. This study will show the relationship between the living situation and its impact on the academic performance among college students.